02 Jan 2023
Basic training materials for water treatment equipment
Water treatment equipment
01 Working principle and process flow
Use membrane technology as the core filter material, supplemented by pretreatment or other equipment to achieve the purpose of purification.
Two-stage reverse osmosis pure water process:
Raw water → quartz sand filter → activated carbon filter → security filter → multi-stage pump → one-stage reverse osmosis membrane (concentrated water recovery) → multi-stage pump → Two-stage reverse osmosis membrane (concentrated water recovery) → pure water
One-stage reverse osmosis pure water process:
Raw water → quartz sand filter → activated carbon filter → security filter → multi-stage pump → One-stage reverse osmosis membrane (concentrated water recovery) → pure water
Mineral water, mountain spring water, water purification process:
Raw water → quartz sand filter → activated carbon filter → security filter → ultrafiltration membrane → mineral water, mountain spring water
Ultrapure water, deionized water process:
Raw water → quartz sand filter → activated carbon filter → security filter → multi-stage pump → primary reverse osmosis membrane (concentrated water recovery) (or use secondary reverse osmosis process) → primary mixed bed equipment → secondary mixed bed equipment →Ultrapure water
02
Introduction of filters and filter elements at all levels
1. Quartz sand filter
The filter is filled with refined multi-layer and multi-path quartz sand, which can effectively remove sediment, rust, large impurities and suspended particles, and effectively improve the quality of influent water. The filter can be manually flushed back and forth, and the filter element has a long service life. In theory, there is no need to replace it, and only a small amount of replenishment is required. There are two kinds of materials for the filter shell, one is stainless steel and the other is glass fiber reinforced plastic. The filling amount of filter material varies from 150 kg to 3000 kg according to the processing capacity.
2. Activated carbon filter
Activated carbon filters are mainly used to remove organic matter and residual chlorine. The filter is filled with water-purifying activated carbon (mainly fruit shell activated carbon), and the filtered water enters the activated carbon filter. One is to absorb some organic matter in the water, and the adsorption rate is about 60%; The removal of residual chlorine by carbon is not simply adsorption, but catalysis occurs on its surface, so activated carbon does not have the problem of adsorption saturation, but only loses carbon. There are two kinds of materials for the filter shell, one is stainless steel and the other is glass fiber reinforced plastic. The filling amount of filter material varies from 50 kg to 1000 kg according to the processing capacity. After being adsorbed by activated carbon, the effluent has basically met the water inlet requirements of the RO unit: SD1≤4;
3. Security filter
A PP20-30 filter element is installed in the security filter to filter finer impurities and particles to prevent particles from entering the high-pressure pump and RO membrane components and scratching the membrane surface. Under normal working conditions, the filter element can maintain a service life of more than 3 months, and the structure of the filter meets the requirements for quick replacement of the filter element. The shell of the filter is made of stainless steel, and there are 3-12 filter elements depending on the processing capacity.
4. Reverse osmosis membrane filter
The reverse osmosis membrane is the heart of the pure water equipment. The water treated by the RO reverse osmosis device can remove most of the inorganic salts, all organic matter, harmful chemicals, pesticide residues, bacteria and viruses, and make the water quality reach pure water standard. According to the requirements of effluent water quality, it is divided into primary reverse osmosis treatment and secondary reverse osmosis treatment. After two-stage reverse osmosis treatment, the desalination rate is as high as 99%, and the water utilization rate reaches more than 60%. The water quality meets the national standard for bottled pure water. The reverse osmosis membrane generally uses the membrane of Hyde Energy Company of the United States, which has two specifications of 4040 and 8040. Depending on the processing capacity, there are 1-20 pieces, and the service life is more than 2 years.
5. Ultrafiltration membrane filter
The hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane is the heart of the mineral water equipment. The water treated by the ultrafiltration device can remove most bacteria and almost all organic matter and microorganisms, making the water quality meet the water purification standard. The water utilization rate reaches 75-90%, the treatment capacity is large, and it is not easy to clog. Now all the membranes are made in China, and there are also two specifications of 4040 and 8040.
6. Mixed bed equipment
Anion and cation resins are used as filter materials to remove anions and cations in water, so as to achieve the purpose of being more pure than pure water. The filter material in the mixed bed is divided into two types: renewable and non-renewable. The use cost of renewable filter materials will be lower, and the mission of non-renewable filter materials will be longer. The water treated by the mixed bed is called ultrapure water, and the unit of measurement is the resistivity, which is the inverse ratio of the conductivity. Generally, the resistivity of the water treated by the mixed bed is between 1-15 megohms.
03
Complete equipment configuration of pure water plant
1. Two-stage reverse osmosis water generator: RO-1000I series
According to the requirements of QS certification, the water production equipment of the pure water plant must be above 1T/H. Therefore, the needs of customers are generally above 1T, and there are several options such as 1T, 2T, and 5T. The pure water plant equipment must be two-stage reverse osmosis to meet the water discharge requirements, that is, the conductivity is less than 10.
2. Automatic bottle washing and filling machine: XG-100 series
It is a special equipment for cleaning pure water barrels and filling pure water. It adopts pneumatic device and operates fully automatically from washing outside to filling and capping. The cleaning process is generally four-station cleaning: external washing - internal washing - disinfectant cleaning - pure water cleaning, and then filling and capping; according to the filling capacity, it is divided into single row And double-row, 60-120 bottles per hour are generally single-row, and more than 120 bottles are double-row (such as: 200, 400); according to different shapes, they are divided into linear and L-shaped of.
3. Stainless steel water storage tank
The pure water filtered by the reverse osmosis water machine must first be stored in a stainless steel water storage tank, and then filled after being disinfected and kept fresh. The water storage tank is generally divided into several specifications such as 1T, 2T, 3T, 5T, etc., with a liquid level switch, connected with the water generator to realize automatic water intake and shutdown. The material is 304 food-grade stainless steel, and the bracket can be made of iron or stainless steel.
4. Ozone water generator: CH-3/CH-4
Use pure water as raw material, and generate ozone disinfection and fresh-keeping pure water through electrolysis of pure water. The advantage of this equipment is that there is no need to use other raw materials, and there is no pollution; the disadvantage is that the amount of ozone produced is small, there is no mixing equipment, and the disinfection is insufficient. Generally used for water-making equipment below 1T.
5. Ozone mixer: CH-1/220V
The stainless steel machine frame uses medical oxygen as the raw material, generates ozone through electrolysis of oxygen, and then uses the mixing pump to fully mix the ozone and pure water to form a milky white gas-liquid mixture, achieving the effect of complete disinfection and preservation. The equipment produces a large amount of ozone and has a good disinfection effect, and is generally used for water-making equipment above 1T. Ozone is a strong oxidizing gas with a special smell. During the storage of pure water, ozone will naturally decompose into oxygen and free oxygen. Therefore, bottled water generally needs to be stored for more than 12 hours before sale to facilitate ozone decomposition.
6. Air purifier: ZJ-800
It is specially used to purify the air in the filling room, to ensure that the air cleanliness of the sealed filling room reaches above 1000, and to prevent secondary pollution during pure water filling. According to the size of the filling room, one or two can be selected.
7. Bottle cap disinfection cabinet: XD-3
It is specially used to sterilize bottle caps. It has a stainless steel structure and has two disinfection facilities, ozone and ultraviolet rays, to ensure that the bottle caps are free from pollution.
8. Automatic sealing machine (optional)
It is installed behind the filling machine and uses water vapor as energy to seal the heat shrinkable film at the mouth of the bottle. Specifications range from 60-300 bottles per hour, equipped with plastic chain plates.
9. Automatic water softener (optional)
It is specially used in areas with relatively hard raw water quality. It removes calcium and magnesium ions in the water through ion exchange, so as to soften the water and protect the RO membrane from fouling and clogging. Generally, if the raw water hardness exceeds 500, a water softener must be installed. According to the different water production capacity, a water softener with a processing capacity of 2-35T per hour can be selected.
10. Air shower room (optional)
It is specially used to disinfect the operators before entering and leaving the filling room, so as to avoid human factors from polluting the air in the filling room.
